The folding and squashing of bar stock happened much by chance one day while playing around with hammer die effects.

It grew into a bit of an obsession—wanting to explore all the different ways metal could be folded and arranged to create totemic-like sculptures. As the size of the bar stock increased, so did the difficulties of bending and controlling the organized results of symmetry. As the groupings of folded and squashed bars multiplied so did the powerful effect of repetition of form. "Gateway" exemplified this outcome, creating a very interesting honeycombed effect across the mid-section of the piece.